Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, No. 5, ABSTRACTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The effect of a pulsed beam of carbon ions on the surface of a W – Cu pseudoalloy

V. Yu. Barinov¹, S. S. Manokhin², Y. R. Kolobov², A. E. Ligachev³, E. S. Statnik^{4, 5},
G. V. Potemkin⁶, V. A. Tarbokov⁶, G. E. Remnev<sup>6

1</sup> Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences,
8 Academician Osipyan str., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
E-mail: barinov@ism.ac.ru
² Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences,
1 Ac. Semenov avenue, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
E-mail: manohin@bk.ru; kolobov@icp.ac.ru
³ Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
38 Vavilova str., GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: carbin@yandex.ru
⁴ Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Digital Engineering,
Skoltech, Bolshoy Boulevard, 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
⁵ NUST MISIS, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
⁶ Tomsk Polytechnic University, 1а Lenin str., 630050 Tomsk, Russia

The topography of W – Cu pseudo-alloy surface irradiated by powerful pulsed ion beam on TEMP gas pedal of Tomsk Polytechnic University (Cn+, accelerating voltage 200 ± 10 kV, energy density in the pulse 2.5 – 3 J/cm2, pulse duration ~ 100 ns) has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Copper columns are formed on the surface of the copper phase, many of which have a ball-shaped apex. Microcracks on the surface of tungsten framework grains are present, but their number is minimal.

Keywords: tungsten – copper pseudo-alloy, powerful pulsed ion beam, carbon ions.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-5-11

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The influence of laser processing modes on the process of gas formation in polyimide film

B. A. Lapshinov, E. V. Matveev, A. I. Gaidar, V. V. Berestov

Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology,
53 Scherbakovskaya str., 105187 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: lbaniipmt@mail.ru; maegor@gmail.com; a_i_g@bk.ru; vberestov97@gmail.com

The paper presents the results of the study of the initial stage of the carbonization process of polyimide (PI) film under the influence of laser radiation with wavelength λ = 1064 nm. In the samples of initial films exposed to laser irradiation, darkening caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the volume of the material was detected. The density of the formed darkenings was determined using high-resolution spectrometers in the visible and near-infrared (IR) spectral regions. It is shown that the key processing parameters — radiation power and beam scanning speed (processing time) have a determining influence on the intensity of gas formation in the volume of PI films. The parameter of dynamic laser radiation flux density H was used to estimate the energy effect of laser radiation. It was found that the minimum value of the flux density at which the process of gas bubble nucleation in the structure of PI films began is H = 0.42 J/mm². When the flux density increased up to H = 2.10 J/mm², the film was destroyed with the formation of local through holes, and when H = 2.85 J/mm2 was reached, complete ablation of the material in the treatment area was observed.

Keywords: polyimide, laser exposure, light transmission, transmission spectra.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-12-21

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Selective laser melting of W – Y2O3 powder with submicron particle structure spheroidized in thermal plasma flow

M. Y. Gryaznov¹, A. V. Samokhin², A. A. Dorofeev², S. V. Shotin¹, A. A. Fadeev², N. V. Alekseev<sup>2

1</sup> N.I. Lobachevsky National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University,
23 Gagarina prospect, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
E-mail: gryaznov@nifti.unn.ru; shotin@nifti.unn.ru
² Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
49 9 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: asamokhin@imet.ac.ru; adorofeev@imet.ac.ru; afadeev@imet.ac.ru; nvalexeev@yandex.ru

The paper demonstrates for the first time the possibility of using W – Y₂O₃ system powder of “5 – 50” μm fraction with spherical shape of particles with tungsten grain size 0.1 – 3.0 μm, obtained by plasma chemical synthesis, granulation and spheroidization methods, in additive manufacturing technologies to create products with complex geometry. The influence of technological parameters of the selective laser melting (SLM) process on physical and mechanical characteristics and microstructure of test
samples made of powder of W – Y₂O₃ system has been investigated. It was found that the maximum value of density of SLMsamples of W – 1.2 wt. % Y₂O₃ system is 18.3 g/cm3 (relative density — 98.4 %), the maximum values of Vickers hardness and microhardness of the investigated samples are at the level of 315 kgf/mm² and 4.5 GPa, respectively. The SLM-samples in all processing regimes have similar heterogeneous dendritic-type microstructure. The average conventional tungsten grain size
is in the range from 5 to 30 μm. At the same time, due to the high rate of crystallization and a large temperature gradient in the SLM process, the material has microcracks and micropores in most modes of production. On the basis of the results of research of density, hardness and microhardness of the obtained products the optimization of the main technological parameters of the SLM process (laser power and scanning speed) has been carried out.

Keywords: additive technologies, selective laser melting, tungsten, yttrium oxide, spherical powder, microstructure, hardness, density.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-22-37

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of electron beam welding of metal composite materials based on immiscible components

I. N. Shiganov, V. V. Ovchinnikov

Moscow Polytechnic University,
38 Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., 107023 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: inshig@bmstu.ru; vikov1956@mail.ru

The reasons for the formation of specific defects in the external formation during electron beam welding of a composition based on immiscible components Al – 30 wt. % Be – 5 wt. % Mg, associated with the chemical composition of the material, have been established. To suppress harmful evaporation processes in the penetration channel, it is proposed to use longitudinal-transverse oscillations of the electron beam together with the use of aluminum alloy inserts in the joint of the joint. It is shown that to prevent porosity, the amount of magnesium in the insertion should not exceed 3 wt. %. Additional alloying of the insert with
3 – 6 wt. % copper and 0.5 – 1.2 wt. % silicon allows the welds to be heat-strengthened to the properties of the base material. For the 50 wt. % Fe – 50 wt. % Cu and 60 wt. % Fe – 40 wt. % Cu compositions, electron beam welding is an effective technology that ensures the production of high-quality welded joints without defects with strength and ductility at the level of the base material.

Keywords: electron beam, welding, beam scanning, composite material, mechanical properties, structure.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-38-48

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Analysis of deformation features of titanium alloy waste during briquetting under hydrogen plasticization conditions

M. V. Zharov

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University),
4 Volokolamskoe shosse, 125993 Moscow, Russian Federation
E-mail: MaximZharov@mail.ru

The paper analyzes the features of the application of the hydrogen plasticization effect during cold briquetting of titanium chips and subsequent thermocompression processing of briquettes. The expediency of hydrogenation of the material of already formed briquettes, rather than the loose mass of chip waste, is established. It is determined that due to the developed surface of chip objects and the small thickness of fractions, the effect of hydrogen plasticization is maximum, which allows for thermocompression processing at relatively low temperatures. Rational concentrations of material saturation with hydrogen are determined, which provide the maximum effect of hydrogen plasticization for various grades of titanium alloys. It has been established that when processing chips of titanium alloys of the VT3-1 (Ti — (5.5 – 7.0) wt. % Al — (2 – 3) wt. % Mo), VT6 (Ti — 6 wt. Al — 4 wt. % V), VT20 (Ti — 6 wt. % Al — 2 wt. % Zr — 1 wt. % Mo — 1 wt. % V) brands, the use of the thermocompression treatment operation and the effect of hydrogen plasticization allows not only to increase the average relative density of the briquette from ρrel = 0.79 – 0.84 to ρrel = 0.92 – 0.93, but also promotes the appearance and growth of centers of solid-phase connection between the fractions of titanium chips already at the stage of briquette thermocompression. In the course of the studies, rational concentrations of saturation of the briquette material with hydrogen were determined, which provide the maximum effect of increasing plasticity. In particular, for the VT3-1 alloy, the optimal range of hydrogen saturation is 0.50 – 0.75 wt. %, for the VT6 alloy — 0.38 – 0.50 wt. %, for the VT20 alloy — 0.40 – 0.65 wt. %. In addition, rational technological parameters of the thermocompression treatment process, ensuring sufficient compaction of the briquette, are determined. In particular, the recommended temperature range is ~ 400 – 450 °С, holding time is ~ 4.0 – 4.5 hours, specific force (pressure) of thermocompression is ~ 600 – 650 MPa.

Keywords: titanium alloys, processing, recycling, deformation resistance, plasticity, hydrogen plasticization, hydrogen embrittlement, phases, structure, plastic deformation.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-49-58

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of luminescence of hydroxyapatite Ca_{5 – x}OH(PO₄)₃:Eu³⁺
co-doped with Dy³⁺, Y³⁺ and B³⁺ ions

А. F. Banishev

National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”,
1 Academician Kurchatov square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: banishev@mail.ru

Hydroxyapatite has unique properties such as bioactivity and biocompatibility, which makes it widely demanded in biomedical research and medical practice. Consequently, there is an increasing number of works on the comprehensive study of this material. In this work, doping of Ca5 – xOH(PO4)3 hydroxyapatite (HAP) with dysprosium ions Dy3+ and europium ions Eu3+ was carried out and the effect of co-doping Dy3+, Y3+ and B3+ ions on the luminescent properties of HAP:Eu was investigated in order to obtain hydroxyapatite with high luminescence yield in the visible region of the spectrum. The doping was carried out by high-temperature annealing of GAP with the corresponding oxides Dy2O3, Eu2O3, Y2O3 and boric acid H3BO3. The photoluminescence spectra of doped HAP:Eu and co-doped HAP:Eu,Dy, HAP:Eu,B, HAP:Eu,Y hydroxyapatites were investigated. A continuous laser with the wavelength λ = 405 nm was used to excite photoluminescence. The peculiarities of the
change in the photoluminescence spectrum of HAP:Eu upon co-doping with Dy3+, B3+, and Y3+ ions were revealed, consisting in the fact that upon co-doping with Dy3+ ions, the spectrum of GAP: Eu,Dy consists of narrow spectral peaks corresponding to Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions in the GAP matrix, while co-doping with B3+, Y3+ ions leads to a cardinal change in the photoluminescence spectra: a broad and intense photoluminescence band appears in the spectra of HAP:Eu,B; HAP:Eu,Y with a maximum at
λ = 515 nm and λ = 520 nm, respectively. Co-doping of HAP:Dy with B3+, Y3+ ions practically does not lead to changes in the photoluminescence spectrum of HAP:Dy consisting of narrow spectral peaks corresponding to Dy3+ ions in the GAP matrix.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite, rare earth elements, high-temperature annealing, doping, luminescence spectra.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-59-65

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Physicochemistry of transformation saponite – wollastonite

M. A. Frolova, A. A. Shinkaruk, A. M. Aizenshtadt, M. A. Malygina, M. A. Pozhilov

Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
17 Northern Dvina Embankment, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
E-mail: m.aizenstadt@narfu.ru; a.shinkaruk@narfu.ru; a.isenshtadt@narfu.ru; m.turobova@narfu.ru; pozhilov.m@edu.narfu.ru

A new direction of practical use of saponite-containing waste isolated from the suspension of recycled water from the enrichment process of kimberlite ores of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province is presented. A mechanism for the mechanochemical transformation of saponite is proposed, consisting of its mechanical activation, high-temperature and chemical treatment with hydrochloric acid. Based on the generated transformation schemes, it is shown that the structural modification of saponite in a saponite-containing material through the stage of serpentine formation, followed by its high-temperature and chemical treatment with hydrochloric acid, allows us to obtain an ordered composite structure reinforced with needle-shaped wollastonite particles. In addition, strengthening of the material structure is ensured by the interaction of caustic magnesium (MgO) and magnesium chloride (additional modification products), leading to the formation of double salts. This fact opens up the possibility of a
new promising direction for the use of saponite-containing waste directly as a raw material for the production of cement-free structural materials.

Keywords: saponite-containing materials, waste recycling, saponite modification, cementless structural material.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-66-73

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Influence of intensive plastic deformation on magnetic and mechanical properties of hard magnetic alloy Fe – 30 % Cr – 20 % Co

V. A. Zelensky, A. B. Ankudinov, A. S. Ustyukhin, A. Yu. Ivannikov, V. S. Shustov, M. I. Alymov

Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS),
49 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: zelensky55@bk.ru; a-58@bk.ru; fcbneo@yandex.ru; ivannikov-a@mail.ru; vshscience@mail.ru; alymov@imet.ac.ru

This paper examines the effect of severe plastic deformation during ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) on the mechanical and magnetic properties, as well as the structure, of a Fe – 30 % Cr – 20 % Co hard magnetic alloy. Experiments were conducted on an alloy produced using powder metallurgy. The ECAP step was added between the quenching and heat treatment stages. Significant changes in the magnetic hysteresis characteristics and mechanical properties of samples subjected to ECAP were
observed compared to those of samples not subjected to severe plastic deformation. Three passes through a tooling press almost doubled the yield strength of the material, reaching 2000 MPa. However, ductility decreases by more than an order of magnitude, reaching 1.1 %. A single pass reduces the coercivity and leaves the residual induction virtually unchanged. Triple extrusion reduces the magnetic hysteresis characteristics by approximately half: residual induction Br = 0.38 T, coercivity Hc = 22.8 kA/m. It is shown that ECAP treatment with three extrusions makes the grains non-equiaxed, and within the relatively large elongated grains, a coarse substructure is formed due to localization of shear deformation along parallel planes. It is also evident that the shear lines have a broken pattern, which is determined by shears in the second system of parallel planes that intersect the planes of the first system. In samples not subjected to ECAP, this structure is not observed, and the grains are equiaxed. The structure of all the prepared samples consists of the α phase of the solid solution. While the lattice parameter of
the sample without ECAP is determined to be 2.874 Å, triple extrusion results in it lying in the range from 2.868 to 2.883 Å. The broadening of the lines indicates a large number of defects in the crystal lattice of the material.

Keywords: powder metallurgy, hard magnetic alloys of the Fe — Cr — Co system, equal channel angular pressing, heat treatment, magnetic hysteresis properties, compression diagrams.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-5-74-82