Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, No. 3, CONTENTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2025, No. 3, ABSTRACTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Impact on aluminum alloy B95 by powerful pulsed ion-plasma and electron flows in the Plasma Focus device

E. V. Morozov¹, A. S. Demin¹, I. V. Borovitskaya¹, E. V. Demina¹, S. V. Latyshev^1, 2,
S. A. Maslyaev¹, V. N. Pimenov¹, M. D. Prusakova¹, I. P. Sasinovskaya¹,
V. I. Tovtin¹, G. G. Bondarenko³, A. I. Gaidar<sup>4

1</sup> Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET RAS),
49 Leninskii prosp., 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: lieutenant@list.ru; casha@bk.ru; symp@imet.ac.ru; elenadyom@mail.ru; latyshevsv@rambler.ru;
maslyaev@mail.ru; pimval@mail.ru; prusakovam@mail.ru; porfirievna@mail.ru; tovtinv@list.ru
² Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI),
8А Aviamotornaya str., 111024 Moscow, Russia
³ HSE University, 11 Myasnitskaya str., 101000 Moscow, Russia
Е-mail: gbondarenko@hse.ru
⁴ Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies (RIAMT),
12 M. Pionerskaya str., 115054 Moscow, Russia
Е-mail: niipmt@mail.ru

The article presents the results of experiments on the impact of powerful pulsed ion-plasma and electron flows generated in the working chamber of the Plasma Focus PF-5M installation during a high-voltage discharge on the B95 aluminum alloy (ENAW-AlZn5.5MgCu). The general characteristics and features of damage to the surface layer of the studied alloy by the compared types of radiation flows are determined. It is shown that the general characteristics of the alloy damageability when exposed to pulsed flows of helium ions and helium plasma in comparison with pulsed irradiation with electron beams with close values of power density and pulse duration (q = 108 – 109 W/cm2, τ = 10 – 30 ns) include the presence of a wavy surface of the samples, microcracks, pores, bubbles with destroyed shells and microdroplets of the alloy deposited on the irradiated surface. The following facts relate to the differences in alloy damageability for the compared radiation-thermal effects. A significantly greater thickness of the molten layer is observed when the alloy is exposed to an electron beam compared to the action of ion-plasma flows. Microcracks that appeared in the alloy after exposure to helium ion flows and helium plasma are observed predominantly in the central and adjacent intermediate irradiation zones. Fragments deposited on the surface of the sample placed on the anode of the chamber and irradiated with electron beams have a crater-like shape and an elemental composition close to the original composition. Microdroplets deposited on the surface of the sample located in the cathode zone and irradiated with helium ions and helium plasma flows have a rounded shape and contain a reduced concentration of the main alloying elements of the alloy (Cu, Zn and Mg) compared to its original composition. The observed results are discussed.

Keywords: aluminum alloy B95, pulsed electron flow, pulsed helium ion flow, pulsed helium plasma flow, radiation-thermal effects, surface damage, surface microstructure.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-5-15

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Influence of carbon, silicon, and boron on the structure and properties
of titanium matrix composites: A review

G. A. Pribytkov, A. V. Panin

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science Siberian Branch of RAS,
2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055Tomsk, Russia
E-mail: gapribyt@mail.ru; pav@ispms.ru

Published studies on the structure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys containing additives of non-metallic elements, such as carbon, silicon, and boron were reviewed. The review comprises the alloys obtained via fusion in traditional metallurgy, in powder and wire additive technologies. Features of the structure and properties formation in the different production modes are analyzed and discussed. It has been established that among the listed non-metallic elements, a trace (up to 0.13 %) boron additives show the greatest positive effect on the structure and properties of the titanium alloys. Boron doped to the deposits obtained using wire electron beam addition technology reduces the growth anisotropy of the primary β-titanium crystallites, refines the grain structure and, as a result, increases yield strength, hardness and extension strength while maintaining an acceptable level of plasticity.

Keywords: titanium alloys, carbon, silicon, boron, melting, additive technologies, growth texture, structure, strength, plasticity.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-16-32

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Saponite-containing concentrate of Lomonosov Mining and Processing Plant – raw material
for producing forsterite ceramics

M. A. Frolova¹, V. S. Lesovik², A. M. Ayzenshtadt¹, T. A. Drozdyuk¹, A. M. Tyurin<sup>3

1</sup> Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
22 Severnaya Dvina emb., 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
E-mail: m.aizenstadt@narfu.ru, a.isenshtadt@narfu.ru, t.drozdyuk@narfu.ru
² Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov,
46 Kostyukova str., 308012 Belgorod, Russia
E-mail: naukavs@mail.ru
³ JSC Severalmaz, 15 Karl Marx str., 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
E-mail: TyurinAM@severalmaz.alrosa.ru

The mechanism of high-temperature modification of saponite-containing material isolated from the suspension of recycled water of the kimberlite ore enrichment process at JSC Severalmaz is considered. It has been shown that during mechanical activation of the concentrated solid phase, characterized by a saponite content of 80 %, and its subsequent firing at a temperature of 900 °C, the formation of the forsterite mineral occurs through an intermediate stage of serpentinization of the sediment. Increasing the temperature regime of serpentine powder processing to 1050 °C leads to additional synthesis of enstatite. The minerals obtained in the process of saponite modification are characterized by an increase in energy density. The calculated values of the crystal lattice density index of the minerals under consideration made it possible to obtain a functional dependence for calculating the microhardness of crystalline structures, the values of which increase in the series: saponite, serpentine, enstatite, forsterite. It has been established that the coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion of the final products of saponite modification (enstatite and forsterite) have practically equal values. The microhardness of the crystal lattice of minerals (modification products) and their volumetric thermal expansion have a key influence on the properties of the final ceramic products. Mechanical activation of saponite and high-temperature processing of the resulting powder makes it possible to manufacture ceramic products from saponite-containing waste by semi-dry pressing followed by firing. It was established that, in terms of water absorption, bending strength and frost resistance, the manufactured ceramic samples meet the requirements of the relevant GOST 13996-2019.

Keywords: saponite-containing material, fine powders, mechanical activation, energetic density, forsterite.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-33-42

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene modification with ZnO/Ag nanoparticles for creation of photocatalytic membranes with high antibacterial activity

V. R. Chzhou, O. V. Bakina, M. I. Lerner

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS,
2/4 pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
E-mail: chzhou.vr@ispms.ru; ovbakina@ispms.ru; lerner@ispms.ru

Nowadays photocatalytic membranes are considered the most effective system for water treatment. Chemically stable ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMPE) can be used as a polymer carrier for nanoparticles mobilization for photocatalytic membranes creation. As photocatalyst nanoparticles, the use of heterophase nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide/base metal, is promising. In the present work, UHMWPE@ZnO/Ag samples were prepared with nanoparticles content ranging from
1 to 7 wt. %. Nanoparticles with 12 wt. % silver content obtained by electrical explosion of wires in an oxygen-containing atmosphere were used for the modification. The study of the nanoparticles absorption spectra has shown that the creation of heterojunction allows to effectively shift the absorption band edge to the visible region of the spectrum (450 nm for the studied nanoparticles). The photochemical activity of the obtained samples was investigated at continuous supply of model dye Methylene blue through photocatalytic cell for 6 hours. The best results were obtained with the sample containing 5 wt. % nanoparticles, the highest photodegradation efficiency was achieved and the shape of the sample was preserved. Antibacterial activity of the samples was investigated against the culture of S. aureus strain ATCC 6538-P according to the standard GOST R ISO 20743-2012. For all samples the suppression of bacterial growth was more than 98 %.

Keywords: ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, photocatalysts, antibacterial activity, photocatalytic membranes.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-43-53

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Formation of nano-sized inclusions of Si in doped Al – Si alloy
at high-speed solidification

V. G. Shepelevich¹, O. V. Gusakova<sup>2

1</sup> Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
E-mail: Shepelevich@bsu.by
² International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University,
23 Dolgobrodskaya str., 220070 Minsk, Belarus
E-mail: ol.gusakova@gmail.com

The article presents the results of studying the microstructure of Al – Si alloys of eutectic and hypereutectic compositions doped by Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu and obtained by ultrafast quenching from the melt. It is shown that in near-eutectic alloys alloying with metals does not lead to modification of the shape of lamellar inclusions of silicon. It is found that multicomponent doping and rapid solidification of hypereutectic silumins provide modification of eutectic silicon inclusions. In hypereutectic silumins the size of primary eutectic silicon inclusions does not exceed 2 µm, eutectic inclusions take a globular shape with a size of up to 200 nm. A mechanism for modifying eutectic silicon inclusions that takes into account the formation of crystalline nuclei of eutectic silicon on the surface of primary silicon particles, limitation of the growth rate of the silicon phase due to the formation of nanoclusters of metals and their compounds on the growing plane, and high concentration and growth rate of α-Al is proposed.

Keywords: silumin, magnesium, iron, manganese, nickel, copper, microstructure, rapid solidification.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-54-64

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Improvement of metrological characteristics of atomic absorption determination
of gold in complex salt systems

I. Yu. Zlivko¹, V. A. Volchenkova^1, 2, N. A. Andreeva², D. B. Petrenko³, I. Yu. Nikolaeva^1, 4,
M. E. Tarnopolskaya¹, A. V. Kolokolova¹, L. V. Koroleva¹, V. L. Reukov<sup>1

1</sup> Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Science (IGEM RAS),
35 Staromonetnyj pereulok, 119017 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: zlivkoirina@yandex.ru; volch.v.a@mail.ru; niko-geo@mail.ru; mashatarnopolskaya@yandex.ru; perehod.07@mail.ru
² Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Science (IMET RAS),
49 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: andreeva150388@mail.ru
³ Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS), 7 Pyzhevsky pereulok, 119017 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: dbpetrenko@yandex.by
⁴ Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Improved metrological characteristics of atomic absorption determination of gold in solutions with high concentration of salts and acids of different composition, obtained during experiments on studying the forms of gold transfer in high-temperature hydrothermal fluids, are proposed. The conditions of gold determination in the flame were optimised, the effects of composition, acid concentration and temperature of experimental solutions were studied and the ways to account for them. The use of acetylene-depleted air-acetylene flame allowed to increase the sensitivity of the element determination in 2 times. It is established that in the flame variant the gold absorption is not affected by the content in the solution up to 100 g/l KCl when using deuterium background corrector, but the reproducibility of analyte determination deteriorates. Significant change of gold absorption at change of temperature of the investigated solution was revealed. The possibility of using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method with atomization in flame for determination of gold content in solutions with salt concentration up to 100 g/l in a wide range of Au concentrations from 0.05 to 500 μg/g without preliminary separation of matrix from a limited sample volume during experimental determination of Au solubility in sulfur-containing hydrothermal solutions at high temperatures and pressures (450° C, 1 kbar) was shown. To confirm the correctness of the obtained results of gold determination, they were compared with the data obtained by different analytical methods: AAS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS-ICP) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (AES-ICP). Taking into account the changing density and temperature of experimental solutions, variability of salt background and acid concentrations, it was possible to improve the metrological characteristics of AAS gold determination in systems with high salt background. The relative standard deviation is 0.06 – 0.005 at the content of Au from 1 to 500 μg/g and does not exceed 0.15 at element contents from 0.05 to 1 μg/g.

Keywords: atomic absorption spectroscopy, gold, high salt solutions, analysis, metrological characteristics.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-65-71

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The effect of ammonia molecules on the photoluminescence spectra of zinc phthalocyanine
in tetrahydrofuran

S. I. Rasmagin, L. A. Apresyan

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: rasmas123@yandex.ru; leon_apresyan@mail.ru

The changes caused by small amounts of ammonia in the fluorescence spectra of a solution of butyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine in tetrahydrofuran have been studied. For this purpose, the fluorescence spectra of simple and combined solutions of butyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine were measured. A simple solution was created by mixing a powder of butyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine with a solvent tetrahydrofuran. The combined solution was obtained by adding an aqueous solution of ammonia to a simple solution. Analysis of the parameters of the fluorescence spectra in simple and combined solutions of butyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine made it possible to evaluate the effect of ammonia molecules on these parameters. The study aims to clarify the possibilities of using zinc phthalocyanine in ammonia sensors. As a result of optical studies of solutions (ZnPcBu8 + C4H8O) and (ZnPcBu8 + C4H8O) + (NH3 + H2O) without and under the influence of ammonia molecules, the following conclusions can be drawn: In the obtained solutions of butyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanine with a concentration of c = 1.0·10–4 mol/l. Both individual ZnPcBu8 molecules (monomers) and H aggregates ZnPcBu8 are present in the polar solvent tetrahydrofuran. The energy of the electronic transition for ZnPcBu8 monomers from the singlet first excited state S1 to the singlet ground state S0 decreases 0.01 eV when exposed to ammonia. The fact can be explained by considering that the valence vibrational level of C=N under the influence of ammonia lies lower than without the influence of NH3 due to the interaction between conjugated double bonds of C=N in the porphyrin macro-ring and an unshared pair of electrons in NH3 molecules. The energy of the electronic transition for H-aggregates ZnPcBu8 from the singlet first excited state S11 to the singlet ground state S0 does not change when exposed to ammonia. The fluorescence intensity of ZnPcBu8 monomers when exposed to ammonia is 1.17 times higher than the peak of fluorescence without the influence of ammonia. This fact can be explained by assuming that the population of N1 of the lower valence vibrational level C=N of the excited state S1 + NH3 when exposed to ammonia molecules is greater than the population of S1 without exposure to NH3 The fluorescence intensity of H aggregates ZnPcBu8 when exposed to ammonia is 1.3 times higher than the peak of fluorescence without the influence of ammonia. This fact can be explained as follows: the population of N11 of the lower valence vibrational level C=N of the excited state S11 + NH3 when exposed to ammonia molecules is greater than the population of S11 without exposure to NH3. The half-width of the fluorescence peaks of ZnPcBu8 monomers increases by 10 % when exposed to ammonia. This result can be explained considering that the half-width of the ZnPcBu8 fluorescence spectrum is determined by both the influence of tetrahydrofuran molecules and ammonia molecules. The half-width of the fluorescence peaks of H aggregates ZnPcBu8 practically does not change under the action of ammonia. This indicates a weak interaction between H aggregates ZnPcBu8 and NH3 molecules.

Keywords: butyl substituted zinc phthalocyanine, fluorescence spectra, zinc phthalocyanine, tetrahydrofuran, ammonia.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-72-77

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Numerical simulation of processes during formation of foamed aluminum

V. N. Popov

Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS (ITAM SB RAS),
4/1 Institutskaya str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
E-mail: popov@itam.nsc.ru

Using a model for the growth of gas bubbles in an aluminum Al – Ca melt, numerical estimates of the dynamics of the formation of foamed metal were obtained. The sizes of spherical pores, the time of their formation, changes in the concentration of hydrogen and the diffusion flow on the surfaces of the bubbles depending on the amount of dissolved gas in the melt were determined. It has been established that the most significant changes in pressure in bubbles occur with a rapid increase in their sizes in the time interval from 10–6 s to 10–4 s from the moment of nucleation. After the gas pressure in the growing bubbles decreases to 3.55·105 N/m2, their further increase occurs due to the diffusion of hydrogen from the surrounding melt and actually does not depend on the initial saturation of the melt with gas. The dimensions of the cells containing uniformly distributed bubbles and half the thickness of the bridge between them were determined from the experimental results presented in the literature. The calculated porosity of the foamed metal ranges from 72 % to 83 %, depending on the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the melt, which is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. Using a model of solidification of foamed aluminum, it was determined that the final formation of gas bubbles occurs in ~10 ms and the initial temperature of the melt cooling in the crucible during this time does not actually change. Numerical modeling was carried out to estimate the solidification time of a porous aluminum melt in a graphite crucible depending on the concentration of the foaming agent (TiH2).

Keywords: numerical simulation, foamed aluminum, hydrogen hydride, porosity, melt solidification.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2025-3-78-86