Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 3, CONTENTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 3, ABSTRACTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The effect of a microwave electromagnetic field on the structure and properties of an unsaturated polyester composite filled with carbon nanotubes

A. S. Shcherbakov¹, A. Z. Bekeshev², A. S. Mostovoy¹, S. V. Arzamastsev¹,
B. O. Sarsenbaev², M. S. Dosekenov<sup>2

1</sup> Engels Institute of Technology (branch) Saratov State Technical University named after Yuri Gagarin,
17 Svobody Square, 413100 Engels Saratov region, Russia
E-mail: gassmed7@gmail.com; Mostovoy19@rambler.ru; bort740@mail.ru
² K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University,
34 A. Moldagulova prospect, 030000 Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan
E-mail: Amirbek2401@gmail.com; Berikbajs@mail.ru; dossekenov.ms@mail.ru

The effect of microwave electromagnetic field on properties of unsaturated polyester composite filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been studied. The quantity of CNT, at which the best indices of physical and mechanical characteristics are achieved, is chosen. The influence of microwave fields at various stages of formation of three-dimensional cross-linked structure of the composite was studied for the obtained compositions. The structure formation processes, the structure of the obtained composites and thermal stability were considered on the selected compositions.

Keywords: unsaturated polyester resin, carbon nanotubes, physical modification, homogenisation, microwave field treatment.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-5-12

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Formation of the structure of coatings from high-speed steel during plasma surfacing,
subsequent tempering and electron beam processing

E. A. Budovskikh, L. P. Baschenko, V. E. Gromov, G. I. Cherepanova,
V. V. Pochetuha, N. N. Malushin

Siberian State Industrial University, 42 Kirova st., 654007 Novokuznetsk, Russia
E-mail: budovskikh@mail.ru

The structure of multilayer coatings of high-speed steel (0,87 wt. % С; 4,41 wt. % Cr; 17,00 wt. % W; 0,10 wt. % Mo; 1,50 wt. % V; 0,35 wt. % Ti; 1,15 wt. % Al; 0,06 wt. % N) formed on a substrate of 0,3 wt. % С; 0,9 wt. % Cr; 0,8 wt. % Мn; 0,9 wt. % Si steel during plasma surfacing with powder wire in a mixture of argon and nitrogen has been studied by methods of light and scanning electron microscopy on transverse sections. The coatings have a disoriented dendritic structure with a characteristic axis size of the first order of 100 microns, which varies little with depth. At large magnifications, a carbide mesh of eutectic carbides of the Me6C type is revealed in detail along the grain boundaries of a solid solution with dimensions in the range of 5 – 100 microns. Small grains with characteristic sizes up to 10 microns have a uniform structure. In larger grains, an inner region is formed, which has a ferrite-martensitic structure with inclusions of equiaxially isolated carbides. The characteristic size of martensitic needles in it is 1 – 3 microns. After four-fold high-temperature tempering at 580 °C as a result of the formation of martensite and the separation of dispersed carbides, the average microhardness increases from 472 to 528 HV0.1, the difference in values becomes minimal. At the same time, the growth of martensitic needles is observed in the range from 2 to 6 microns. After electron beam processing, the carbide mesh is preserved, transcrystalline cracks are observed in small grains, martensite disintegrates in larger grains, isolated carbides increase in size. The average microhardness increases to 628 HV0.1.

Keywords: high-speed steel, plasma surfacing, alloying, nitrogen, high-temperature tempering, cracking, electron-beam processing, microstructure, carbide phase, peritectic, austenite-martensite mixture, microhardness.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-13-20

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of the causes of destruction of materials obtained
by the cold spraying method during their operation in vacuum

K. A. Frolov¹, A. A. Stepnov², I. V. Belyaev¹, V. E. Bazhenov³, P. S. Mogilnikov<sup>3

1</sup> Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs (VLSU),
87 Gorky str., 600037 Vladimir, Russia
E-mail: golegoga33rus@gmail.com; Belyaev-iv54@yandex.ru
² LLC “Plasma Spraying Center”, 35 Nizhnyaya Dubrova str., 600037 Vladimir, Russia
E-mail: stepnov86@mail.ru
³National University of Science and Technology MISIS,
⁴ Leninsky prospect, 119049 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: v.e.bagenov@gmail.com

The causes of destruction of materials deposited by the cold gas dynamic spraying on the surface of products operating in vacuum were investigated. For the experiments, a material of the A-20-11 brand was selected, which is a mechanical mixture of aluminum, zinc and corundum powders. Methods of X-ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, as well as a method for determining gases in metals were used. It was shown that the materials obtained by the cold gas dynamic spraying do not have open porosity. Heating of the carrier gas to 400 °C does not lead to alloy formation of the coating material. The composition of the coating material contains hydrogen and oxygen, which, apparently, are on the surface of the particles of the sprayed material (aluminum, zinc and corundum powders) in the form of adsorbed moisture. Heating of the coating material leads to the evaporation of this moisture. The resulting steam expands, which is the most likely cause of the destruction of the coating. The results obtained were used to improve the technology of applying cold gas dynamic spraying coatings to the surface of products operating in vacuum.

Keywords: cold gas dynamic spraying, porosity, moisture, evaporation, destruction.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-21-27

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Hot compaction of titanium powders with shear deformation

G. A. Pribytkov¹, I. A. Firsina¹, A. V. Baranovskiy¹, V. P. Krivopalov¹,
D. V. Ershov², Z. Yu. Gorlyshkina<sup>2

1</sup> Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences,
2/4 pr. Akademicheskii, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
E-mail: gapribyt@mail.ru; nigalisha@gmail.com; iris1983@yandex.ru; krivopalov@ispms.tsc.ru
² National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University,
30 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
E-mail: dve12@tpu.ru; zyg1@tpu.ru

A novel method of the metal powders hot consolidation accompanying with shear deformation was introduced. The powders were capsulated into tight containers and pressed after short-term heating in the furnace to 900 °С. The method route prevents powder oxidation, peripheral spalling and ensures removing of the oxide films from the powder surfaces. Commercial titanium powders of different dispersivity and impurity concentration were hot compacted. Microstructure, hardness and bending strength of the compacts were investigated. The pressings from fine PTOM-1 powder, containing 0.32 wt. % of hydrogen reveal the greatest values of the hardness and bending strength. Additional vacuum annealing results in 60 % increase of the bending strength.

Keywords: titanium powders, dispersivity, hydrogen content, hot compaction, annealing, hardness, bending strength.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-28-38

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Structural and chemical transformations in the liquid phase during high-energy ball milling
of Al and Mg powders with heptane

V. V. Aksenova¹, O. M. Kanunnikova², V. I. Lad’yanov<sup>1

1</sup> Udmurt Federal Research Center UB RAS, 34 T. Baramzina str., 426067 Izhevsk, Russia
E-mail: aksenova@udman.ru
² Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, 7 Studencheskaya str., 426069 Izhevsk, Russia

In recent years, interest in nanostructured materials has been growing due to the unique mechanical properties that distinguish them from traditional analogues. Planetary ball milling is one of the used method because of its simplicity, low cost and ability to produce large volumes. To reduce the adhesion of the powder to the balls and the grinding vials and to avoid cold welding of plastic metals in the grinding process, process control agents (PCA) are used. Under conditions of ball milling, organic PCA decompose and thus become sources of hydrogen and carbon for the materials being crushed. The purpose of the work is to study the features of the decomposition of heptane as a result of interaction with aluminum and magnesium powders during ball milling. Samples of the liquid phase were studied by IR and UV spectroscopy at successive stages of mechanical activation of mixtures of Al + heptane and Mg + heptane. During grinding of Al (Mg) in the heptane medium, the reaction medium is saturated with the decomposition products of hydrocarbons, which are absorbed by metal powders and initiate structural and chemical transformations in the liquid phase. Deformation-induced cracking of heptane during processing in a ball planetary mill is accompanied by isomerization of normal alkanes, cyclization reactions, dehydrogenation and hydrogenation. The intensity of mechanical cracking and the rate of chemical transformations depend on the nature of the metal being crushed in an organic medium. Based on the analysis of the UV spectra of the liquid phase and the thermal desorption of hydrogen in the solid phase, it is shown that the intensity of chemical reactions in the liquid organic medium is associated with the sorbing properties of the metal. An increase in the speed of rotation of the ball mill leads to an increase in the proportion of branched aliphatic structures and alkylbenzenes.

Keywords: heptane, aluminum, magnesium, high-energy ball milling, mechanocracking, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-39-48

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Production of hydrogen by the interaction of rapidly hardened alloy foils from aluminum scrap and bismuth with water

V. G. Shepelevich

Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
E-mail: shepelevich@bsu.by

The results of study of the structure of rapidly solidified foils of an alloy made from of aluminum scrap (wire) alloyed up to 7.5 wt. % bismuth. An inhomogeneous structure of is formed during the crystallization. An inhomogeneous structure of the foils isformed during crystallization. The interaction of foils with water at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen and a white powder consisting of Al2O3·3H2O and Al2O3·5H2O, and dispersed particles of bismuth.

Keywords: evolution of hydrogen, rapidly solidified foils, aluminum – bismuth alloy.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-49-55

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of the structure and phase composition of Cr – Ta – W system alloy

S. S. Manokhin¹, Yu. R. Kolobov^1, 2, M. S. Gusakov³,
A. G. Beresnev³, V. N. Butrim³, D. M. Kondratiev<sup>3

1</sup> Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
1 Akademika Semenova pr., 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
E-mail: manohin@bk.ru; kolobov@icp.ac.ru
² Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
³ JSC “Kompozit”, 4 Pionerskay str., 141070 Korolev, Russia
E-mail: info@kompozit-mv.ru

An alloy of the Cr – Ta – W system containing a tungsten-doped intermetallic Laves phase Cr2Ta (C15) and bcc phases of chromium and tantalum has been studied. The structural-phase state of the alloy was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The concentrations of alloying elements in the above phases of the alloy have been determined.

Keywords: Cr – Ta – W system, Laves phase, intermetallic compound, structural defects.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-56-60

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Structure and strength of oxide eutectic fibers produced by the Stepanov method

V. M. Kiiko, D. O. Stryukov

Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics RAS (ISSP RAS), 2 Academician Osipyan str., 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
E-mail: kiiko@issp.ac.ru; stryukov@issp.ac.ru

Using the modified Stepanov method, fibers of the compositions sapphire – yttrium aluminum garnet (Al2O3 – Y3Al5O12), sapphire – erbium aluminum garnet (Al2O3 – Er3Al5O12) and sapphire – aluminum – gadolinium perovskite (Al2O3 – AlGdO3) were obtained. The influence of the crystallization rate on the structure of the resulting fibers has been studied. It has been established that the characteristic dimensions of the structure components decrease with increasing velocity, which corresponds to the Hunt — Jackson eutectic crystallization model. The fibers were tested for strength under bending conditions, the dependences of the strength of the fibers on their length are presented.

Keywords: oxide eutectic fibers, testing, fracture, strength, structure.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-61-69

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

The effect of provoking heating on the corrosion-electrochemical properties
of 0,08 wt.% C 21 wt. % Cr 11 wt. % Mn N 6 wt. % Ni steel
and niobium and vanadium modified steel 0,08 wt.% C 21 wt. % Cr 11 wt. % Mn N 6 wt. % Ni

O. O. Gavrilenko¹, D. S. Kushnereva^2, 3, E. V. Korobeynikova¹, E. M. Borisova¹,
S. M. Reshetnikov^1, 2, M. D. Krivilev<sup>1, 2

1</sup> Udmurt State University, 1 Universitetskaya str., 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
E-mail: gavrilenko@udsu.ru
² Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
34 T. Baramzina str., 426067 Izhevsk, Russia
³ JSC Scientific Research Institute of Metallurgical Technology,
2 Azina str., 426010 Izhevsk, Russia

Numerous directions of modern manufacturing are in need of a new generation of steels. In a number of properties, such steels should surpass those already existing, widely produced and rather intensively used. One of the most effective ways to improve the functional properties of high-alloy stainless steels is the use of nitrogen as an alloying element. It has been shown in a number of works that nitrogen leads to a decrease in the energy of stacking faults, an expansion of the region of existence of austenite, and a narrowing of the region of existence of delta ferrite. In this regard, we can note such high-strength austenitic steels as 0,08Cr21Mn11NNi6 (VNS53) with a nitrogen content of up to 0.5 %, as well as 0,08Cr21Mn11NNi6NbV (VNS53-M), additionally containing niobium and vanadium. Taking into account the prospects for expanding the production and use of these steels, this paper presents the results of studying the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of high-alloy steels VNS53 and VNS53-M, little studied in this aspect, in comparison with the similar behavior of the widely used steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti steels. The corrosion-electrochemical behavior of these steels was carried out by the method of potentiodynamic polarization in an aqueous borate buffer solution at pH = 7.4, as well as in the same solution with the addition of sodium sulfate at a concentration of 0.01 mol/l. The studied steels were subjected to sensitization heating at different temperatures. It is shown that in the tested electrolytes after heat treatment there is no significant change in the corrosion resistance of these steels. Some decrease in the rate of anodic dissolution is observed for the VNS53-M steel after heat treatment at 600 °С. This result is especially important for the VNS53-M steel, which has complex alloying, which can lead to the formation of carbide and nitride phases both in the volume and on the surface of the steel.

Keywords: heat treatment, high-nitrogen steels, corrosion-electrochemical properties, microstructure, inclusions.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-3-70-82