Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 2, CONTENTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 2, ABSTRACTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Surface damage and particle ejection during irradiating vanadium with pulse flows of ions and plasma in the Plasma Focus device

V. N. Kolokoltsev¹, S. A. Maslyaev¹, V. N. Pimenov¹, A. S. Demin¹, E. V. Morozov¹,
N. A. Epifanov¹, I. V. Borovitskaya¹, E. V. Demina¹, I. P.Sasinovskaya¹, A. I. Gaidar<sup>2

1</sup> Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
49 Leninskiy pr., 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: maslyaev@mail.ru; pimval@mail.ru; symp@imet.ac.ru
² Scientific Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies,
12 Malaya Pionerskaya, 115054 Moscow, Russia

The damage to the vanadium surface and the ejection of microdroplets from the surface of vanadium into the vacuum chamber of the Plasma Focus device “Vikhr” under the influence of pulsed flows of deuterium ions and deuterium plasma with a power density of ~ 107 – 108 W/cm2 has been studied. It is shown that, as a result of pulsed heating, a liquid film is formed on the surface of vanadium. Under the action of a plasma flow moving parallel to the surface at a high speed, the Kelvin — Helmholtz instability arises, which leads to the formation of waves on the melt film. Under the influence of the plasma flow and powerful acoustic pulses that occur during pulsed irradiation of the sample, micro-droplets of liquid vanadium break off and transfer them to the surface of the copper screen-collector. The possible influence of such processes on the operation of thermonuclear fusion facilities is noted.

Keywords: plasma focus, plasma pulse, vanadium, ejection of microdroplets.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-5-14

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Simulation of atomization of an ice film on the surface
of an Au (111) crystal by low-energy Ar+ ions

U. О. Kutliev, М. U. Оtаbaеva, М. K. Kаrimov

Urgench State University, 14 Khamid Olimjan st., 220100 Urgench, Uzbekistan
E-mail: uchkunk@mail.ru; karimov_m_k@mail.ru

In article presents the results of computer simulation of the sputtering of an ice films, consisting of 12 layers, and covered on the surface Au (111) during bombardment with Ar+ ions with an initial energy of less than 1 keV. It is shown that at such values initial energy are formed clusters consisting of 2 – 10 water molecules, and they form the corresponding peaks in the mass spectrum. It has been established that the most stable cluster consists of 6 molecules, and it forms a more intense peak in the mass spectrum compared to other clusters.

Keywords: computer simulation, clusters, thin film, sputtering, ion bombardment.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-15-21

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Laser heat treatment of steels and alloys before diffusion welding

Yu. V. Khomich, V. A. Yamshchikov

Institute of Electrophysics and Electric Power Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS),
18 Palace embankment, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: ykhomich@ras.ru; yamschikov52@mail.ru

The article describes the results of experimental studies on diffusion welding under conditions of hot isostatic pressing with preliminary heat treatment of the surface of workpieces made of a number of steels and alloys by nanosecond pulses of laser ultraviolet radiation. Estimates of the characteristics of laser radiation and the parameters of the modified surface layer due to its melting by a laser pulse are given. It is shown, that the processing of samples from a heat-resistant nickel-based alloy CrNi55MoWZr by a scanning beam of nanosecond laser pulses with a wavelength of 355 nm, a duration of 10 ns and an energy density of 2 J/cm2, following at a frequency of 100 Hz, improved the mechanical properties of the weld. The ultimate strength increased by 10 %, and the elongation increased by 20 %. In addition, the use of a laser made it possible to reduce the temperature of the diffusion welding process by 160 °C while maintaining the mechanical properties of the welded joint. The most probable reason for the improvement of the properties of the welded joint was the appearance of low-temperature super-plasticity caused by the formation of a fine-grained surface structure because of preliminary laser processing of workpieces.

Keywords: nanosecond laser, laser heat treatment, nanostructures, surface topography, diffusion welding, hot isostatic pressing.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-22-35

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Intercalation of saponite from solutions of electrolytes differing
in the nature of the cation

V. E. Danilov, A.M. Ayzenstadt, T. A. Drozdiuk, M. A. Frolova, G. A. Garamov

Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
17 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
E-mail: v.danilov@narfu.ru; a.isenshtadt@narfu.ru; georgiigaramov1997@gmail.com

The results of the study of the physicochemical properties of the modified saponite isolated from the recycled water of the enrichment plant of JSC Severalmaz showed that the process of intercalation of cations of different nature into its structure changes the electrical conductivity of the samples, which makes it possible to control the residual moisture content of the material. In addition, changing the nature of the cations introduced into the interpacket distance of the saponite makes it possible to minimize the firing shrinkage of the raw saponite in the manufacture of ceramic products. Singly charged (NH⁴⁺, Na⁺), doubly charged (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺), and triply charged (Fe3+) ions were used as intercalated cations. It has been established that the electrical resistance for all the studied samples increases according to a power function as moisture is removed, and the shrinkage of the saponite-containing raw material, depending on the introduced cation, can be reduced by 30 – 40 %.

Key words: saponite-containing material, electrolyte coagulation, peptization, exfoliation, surface tension.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-36-46

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of the radiation resistance of a polymer compound with used ion exchange resins included

Е. Е. Ostashkina, А. Е. Savkin, Е. А. Vanina

Federal State Unitary Enterprise “RADON”, 2/14 7-th Rostovskii per., 119121 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: EEOstashkina@radon.ru; AESavkin@radon.ru; EAVanina@radon.ru

FSUE “RADON” was developed a technology and pilot plant for conditioning spent ion exchange resins
(IER) by dehydration and incorporation into a polymer binder. According to the regulatory requirements of the resulting polymer compound, studies of its radiation resistance have been carried out using developed and certified methods. Mechanical strength was adopted as an indicator characterizing the structure of the polymer compound. It was found that when irradiated at dose 104 Gy, the strength of the polymer compound increases. This can be explained by the phenomenon of radiation crosslinking, which leads to the formation of additional chemical bonds and hardening of the compound material. The volume of polymer compound samples decreases during irradiation at doses 104 – 106 Gy, which guarantees the preservation of the integrity of containers with the compound during their storage/burial. The values of the leaching rate of radionuclides are also decreasing, while being within the requirements of NP-019-15. The results of a study of the radiation resistance of a polymer compound with spent IER included indicate that it retains its structure and water resistance as a result of irradiation, which confirms the compliance of this material with the requirements of NP-019-15.

Keywords: polymer compound, ion exchange resin, radiation resistance, irradiation.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-47-54

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Investigation of the high-temperature background of internal friction in a nitrided heat-resistant nickel-based alloy

D. O. Frolov¹, D. M. Levin¹, S. S. Manokhin², Y. R. Kolobov^2, 3, S. V. Ovsepyan<sup>4

1</sup> Tula State University, 92 Lenin pr., 300012 Tula, Russia
E-mail: fdolegovich@yandex.ru; danlevin48@gmail.com
² Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
1 Akademika Semenova pr., 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
E-mail: manohin@bk.ru; kolobov@icp.ac.ru
³ Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
⁴ All-Russian Research Institute of Aviation Materials of the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”,
17 Radio str., 105005 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: ovsepyan64@gmail.com

A study of the parameters of the high-temperature background of internal friction of a dispersed-hardened polycrystalline CrNi29Co28WMoTi alloy has been carried out. It is established that the transition of the investigated alloy from an elastic to a viscoelastic state occurs when the temperature limit Tcr = 791 K is reached in at least two stages. The first stage determines the migration of point defects of the crystal structure along the grain boundaries at low deformation in the low-temperature region, which corresponds to the diffusion activation energy of 0,51 eV. The second stage determines the separation and movement of dislocations from the impurity atoms, as well as the appearance of grain boundary sliding in the high-temperature region. This requires an activation energy of 0,86 eV. The relative decrease in the shear modulus in the temperature range 300 – 890 K was ≈ 0,15. To determine the temperature boundary of the Tcr, a formula is proposed that allows calculating the temperature of the Tcr based on data on the activation parameters of the high-temperature background of internal friction. In addition, a general thermodynamic condition for the transition of a material from an elastic to a viscoelastic state corresponding to high-temperature deformation mechanisms is formulated. It is shown that the temperature boundary that determines the beginning of the transition of a material from an elastic to a viscoelastic state can be used to diagnose the heat-resistant properties of nitrided alloys as an additional criterion.

Keywords: viscoelasticity, grain-boundary internal friction, microplasticity, high-temperature background, internal nitriding, nitrides, heat resistance, activation energy, dispersed hardening.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-55-64

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Kinetics of the combined processes of ironing
and pressure welding with heating of different materials
with sharkly different resistance to plastik deformation

V. V. Abramov

Nacional Research Moscow State Construction University,
26 Yaroslavskoye highway, 129337 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: valabramov@rambler.ru

The influence of the level of thermal deformation on the kinetics of contact formation from dissimilar crystalline materials due to plastic deformation of micro–steps of processing of contacting surfaces in a wide range of temperatures (293 – 1173 K) and pressures (5 – 80 MPa) has been studied. It is shown that the crumpling of the micro-processing steps occurs in four stages, differentiated into two stages. It has been established that the stages of crumpling of microsteps have a significant effect on the activation of atoms of the contact pads and their setting. It is determined that the voltage level in the contact significantly exceeds the nominal values included in the calculation formulas determining the contact area. The influence of the level of thermal deformation effect on the directional formation of mechanical properties in the contact layer of the metal is shown. The nature of the activation of contact surfaces and the delay of setting relative to the kinetic curve of the formation of physical contact is considered on the example of the interaction of dissimilar and dissimilar materials under thermal deformation action on them. The described scheme of the smoothing process allows directional control of the technological process and formation of the necessary mechanical properties on the metal surface.

Keywords: physical contact, corundum, setting, tension, kinetics.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-2-65-77