Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 1, CONTENTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Tilda Publishing

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

2024, No. 1, ABSTRACTS

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of phase and structural transformations in composite materials based on systems of immiscible components under the influence of concentrated energy flows

I. N. Shiganov¹, V. V. Ovchinnikov², А. D. Shlyapin<sup>2

1</sup> Bauman Moscow State Technical University,
p. 1, 5, 2-nd Baumanskaya str., 105005 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: inshig@bmstu.ru
² Moscow Polytechnic University, 38, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., 107023 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: vikov1956@mail.ru; 6883412@mail.ru

The features of phase and structural transformations in composite materials based on systems of immiscible components Al – Be, Al – Be – Mg, Fe – Cu, Fe – Cu – Pb under the influence of concentrated heat sources — electric arc, electron and laser beams — are considered. It is shown that when materials of the Al – Be, Al – Be – Mg systems are exposed to an electric arc plasma and an electron flow, they are melted and subsequently cooled by grain grinding, formation of a zone of thermal influence and crystallization of the resulting new structures and phases. In zone of thermal influence, the enrichment of the aluminum matrix with Be particles is observed due to the thermal diffusion processes of their movement. When plasma is exposed to an arc discharge, pulsed and continuous laser radiation, as well as the flow of electrons on the composition Fe – Cu, Fe – Cu – Pb, a change in the morphology of the near-surface layer is observed: the irradiated material in the melt zone is exfoliated and in the process of crystallization the stratified phases are fixed in a solid state. The mechanism of stratification formation is associated with the limited solubility of the elements that make up the composition in the liquid and solid states.

Keywords: composites, immiscible components, concentrated sources, structure, phases.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-5-13

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Comparative analysis of the structure and properties of alumina ceramics obtained by conventional pressureless sintering and SPS

M. S. Boldin, D. A. Tikhonova, A. D. Borkova, S. I. Udachin, Е. А. Lantsev, А. V. Voronin,
А. А. Murashov, О. А. Belkin, А. V. Nokhrin, V. N. Chuvil’deev

National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,
23 Gagarina ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
E-mail: boldin@nifti.unn.ru

The effect of the initial size of alumina particles on the density, microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness of ceramics obtained by conventional and spark plasma sintering (SPS) has been studied. We studied ceramics obtained from commercial Al2O3 powders with an initial particle size of 40 – 50 nm, 0.2 mm, and 1 mm, and domestic fine powders with an initial particle size of 0.2 – 3 mm, and Al2O3 + 0.25 vol. % MgO and Al2O3 + 10 vol. % ZrO2. It is shown that the density of alumina ceramics nonmonotonically depends on the initial size of Al2O3 powder particles. It has been established that an increase in the grain size leads to a nonmonotonic change in the hardness of alumina ceramics. It has been established that the addition of 0.25 vol. % MgO accelerates the sintering of alumina. The addition of 10 vol. % ZrO2 makes it possible to provide an optimal combination of hardness and fracture toughness. It is shown that fine-grained ceramics obtained by the SPS method have a higher hardness. It has been suggested that SPS of submicron alumina powders with an amorphous layer on the surface, additionally stabilized by zirconia particles, is promising for further increasing the hardness of alumina ceramics.

Keywords: alumina, ceramics, sintering, density, structure, hardness.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-14-29

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Features of the formation of a positive charge layer during modification of products in a high-frequency capacitive discharge jet under dynamic vacuum conditions

I. Sh. Abdullin¹, V. S. Zheltukhin^2,3, I. K. Nekrasov², M. F. Shaekhov³, F. R. Sagitova<sup>1

1</sup> LLC “Plasma VST”, 27 Kurskaya str., 420081 Kazan, Russia
E-mail: plasma.vst@gmail.com
² Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlin str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
E-mail: igor05071997@mail.ru
³ Kazan National Research Technological University, 18 Karl Marx str., 420015 Kazan, Russia
E-mail: farida_sagitova@mail.ru

The paper presents a physical description of the formation of a layer of positive charge around the body, during processing in a high-frequency capacitive (HF) discharge, due to which a directed flow of ions arises that bombard the surface of the body being processed. With the help of holographic measurements, the presence of a layer, which differs from the plasma of an RF discharge, is demonstrated around a body placed in an RF plasma. The theoretical substantiation of holographic measurements, plasma potentials, measurements of ion energy and ion current density on the surface of the treated body is presented.

Keywords: positive charge layer (PCL), low-energy ion flux, RF discharge, CCP discharge, plasma treatment.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-30-40

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Analysis of the character of metal flow in the manufacture of aircraft panels from different groups of aluminum alloys by isothermal forging methods

M. V. Zharov

Moscow aviation institute (National research university),
4 Volokolamskoe highway, 125993 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: MaximZharov@mail.ru

The article discusses the results of studies of the features of the formation of shape defects that occur during the manufacture of aircraft panels, shells and other finned parts from aluminum alloys under conditions of isothermal forging and forging in a state of superplasticity. The formation of defects in the manufacture of panels from various groups of aviation aluminum materials, in particular from alloys based on the Al – Mg system, alloys based on the Al – Mg – Si – Cu system, aluminum alloys of the Al – Zn – Mg – Cu system and alloys of the Al – Mg – Li. The mechanisms of the formation of such shape defects that occur during the production of aircraft panels by isothermal stamping are determined as: a sink on the back side of the panel web in the subcostal space, a rupture of the material of the product in the area of the articulation of the rib and the panel web at the final stages of deformation, the formation of a clamp on the side surface of the rib, the appearance of retracted in the body of the product oxide captivity in the central part of the rib. The dependences of the formation of all the previously mentioned defects on the conditions of the temperature-rate parameters of the deformation process are analyzed. Models of the nature of the metal flow during filling of the die cavity at various temperature-speed parameters of deformation are constructed. It has been established that the nature of the metal flow when filling the die cavity depends on a number of parameters, namely: the thickness of the web of the original slab, the temperature conditions of deformation, the speed conditions of deformation, the ratio of the thickness of the rib and the web of the original slab, the ratio of the height of the rib and the web of the original slab. As a result of the research, the parameters of the processes of deformation of aluminum alloys for the manufacture of defect-free parts of aviation equipment were determined under the conditions of minimizing the consumption rates of basic materials.

Keywords: form defects, sink, clamp, fold, aircraft panel, shell, metal utilization rate, production cost, aluminum alloys, isothermal forging, superplasticity state, metal flow, flow pattern, buckling, defect-free product, temperature and speed parameters.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-41-52

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Physical and chemical characteristics of the surface of powders of saponite-containing material after its mechanical dispersion

A. M. Ayzenshtadt¹, V. V. Strokova², V. V. Nelyubova², M. A. Malygina¹, M. A. Frolova<sup>1

1</sup> Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
22 Severnaya Dvina emb., 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
E-mail: a.isenshtadt@narfu.ru; m.turobova@narfu.ru; m.aizenstadt@narfu.ru
² Construction Engineering Institute of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov,
46 Kostyukova str., 308012 Belgorod, Russia
E-mail: vvstrokova@gmail.com; nelubova@list.ru

Structural-phase transformations on the surface of powder systems of saponite-containing material after mechanical dispersion have been studied. The degree of crystallinity, adsorption capacity and specific surface energy depending on the time mode of grinding were used as compared information characteristics. It has been established that, despite the fact of the constancy of the degree of crystallinity, mechanical grinding of saponite-containing raw materials leads to its activation, which is expressed by a proportional increase in the sorption capacity of the obtained powders, an increase in the concentration of active adsorption centers and the value of the specific free surface energy. An increase in the time of mechanical grinding of a saponite-containing material leads to the production of samples with an increased (compared to the initial material) surface hydrophilicity.

Keywords: saponite-containing material, mechanical dispersion, degree of crystallinity, adsorption capacity, specific surface area, contact angle, surface tension.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-53-64

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Improving the schemes for the analysis of materials based on tungsten carbide

V. A. Volchenkova, Y. V. Blagoveshchensky, E. K. Kazenas, N. A. Andreeva, O. A. Ovchinnikova,
T. N. Penkina, S. K. Rodionova, V. B. Smirnova, A. A. Fomina, O. N. Fomina

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Science (IMET RAS),
49 Leninsky prospect, 119334 Moscow, Russia
E-mail: volch.v.a@mail.ru

Using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and flame version of atomic absorption spectrometry, methods for determining the content of Co, Cr, Ti, V in a wide concentration range from 1·10–3 to n·10 % in tungsten carbide-based materials without matrix separation and using certified solid standard samples with good metrological characteristics were developed. The relative standard deviation is 0.05 – 0.005 when the content of elements is from 1 to 20 % and does not exceed 0.15 when the content of elements is from 0.001 to 0.1 %. Depending on the chemical, phase and disperse composition, as well as the method of obtaining tungsten carbide-based compounds that form different types of materials, which are very different in their ability to dissolve, various sample preparation schemes were used. The analytical parameters for the determination of Co, Cr, Ti, V were found, the operating conditions of the spectrometers were optimized, and calibration methods were selected. The influence of the tungsten matrix element on the analytical signals of analytes and ways of taking it into account have been studied. The possibilities of using spectroscopic methods for the determination of Co, Cr, Ti, V are compared. It is shown that the ICP AES method is dominant in the determination of elements in the concentration range from 1·10–3 to n·10 % in materials based on tungsten carbide. The proposed methods of analytical control will provide research on the creation of new materials based on tungsten carbide, including nanostructured ones, with extremely high physical and mechanical properties, which is especially important in the context of import substitution of materials.

Keyword: tungsten carbide, analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, cobalt, chromium, titanium, vanadium.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-65-76

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Anodic behavior of lead babbit modified with strontium (PbSb15Sn10Sr) in the medium of NaCl electrolyte

I. N. Ganiev, A. H. Odinaev, F. K. Khodzhaev, Kh. M. Khojanazarov

Tajik Technical University named after academician M.S. Osimi
10 academicians Rajabov’s avenue, 734042, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
E-mail: ganiev48@mail.ru

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of strontium additives (0.01 – 1.0 wt. %) as a structure modifier on the anodic behavior of lead babbit (PbSb15Sn10Sr) in the NaCl electrolyte medium. The studies were carried out by the potentiostatic method in the potentiodynamic mode with a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s. Studies have shown that over time, the free corrosion potential of alloys shifts to the positive side and with an increase in the concentration of the modifier (strontium) in lead babbit, it acquires a positive value. The addition of strontium to lead babbitt (PbSb15Sn10Sr) increases its corrosion resistance by 10 – 15 %. An increase in the corrosion rate of alloys was noted, regardless of their composition from the NaCl concentration in the solution. Studies have shown that an increase in the concentration of the chloride ion in the NaCl electrolyte leads to a decrease in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation, and pitting of alloys.

Keywords: lead babbitt (PbSb15Sn10Sr), strontium, potentiostatic method, electrochemical behavior, NaCl electrolyte, free corrosion potential, corrosion rate.

DOI: 10.30791/0015-3214-2024-1-77-84